Hislop college was established in 1883 but it was only in 1924 when noted Marathi writer, novelist Prof.N.S. Phadke , joined the as a Professor in Philosophy, he shocked to see that, though the Marathi is the provincial language, there was no provision to teach Marathi language in Hislop college. He started some literary programmes in the college as well in the society. He took initiative to start Marathi Department in the Hislop college. But only in the year 1926, with the appointment of famous novelist Dr.S.D.Pendse, Marathi Department began with full fledge in offering Marathi as a language teaching programme .
Eminent professors of Marathi literature such as Dr. A. N. Deshpande, Prof. Shanta Shelke, Prof, M.N.Lohi, Dr. Manohar Rokde, Dr. Vasant Warhadpande ,Prof Venu Salwe, Dr.Ram Ghode, Prof. Sudha Gorde, Dr.Subhash Patil were the faculty member in Marathi Department. Presently Dr. Prashant S. Shelke is heading the department.
Department has long history having its alumni in the respected fields of administration, politics, academics , some of the eminent alumni of the department are such as noted social worker Baba Amte, writer P.B.Bhave, W.N.Deshpande, G.H Deshpande etc.